Establishing Context For Risk Management Process - 792 Words

Establishing context for the risk management process involves identifying the structure of the risk management process, including risk architecture, strategy and protocols (see Appendix, Figure 15.3.3). The company may use a FIRM Risk Scorecard to identify internal and external risk drivers that present the greatest potential for exposure (see Appendix, figure 15.3.4). Establishing context for risk criteria focuses on defining organizational standards for risk measurement and evaluation. Risk measurement develops procedures for estimating likelihood, consequences, and risk level; and identifies which categories will be used to classify risks. Risk evaluation includes understanding the prevailing risk attitude: â€Å"the organization’s approach to assess and eventually pursue, take, or refuse risk† (ISO/IEC, 2008). An organization may naturally be risk-seeking, risk-neutral, or risk-averse (see Figure 15.3.5). risk identification Once the context has been established, the first step of the risk assessment process is risk identification. Risk identification focuses on recognizing and documenting which hazards or opportunities could potentially impact business objectives. A description of each risk is recorded on a Risk Register. Risks can be identified in various ways. Managers may solicit team feedback via questionnaires or brainstorming sessions. SWOT matrices identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; while PESTLE analyzes macro-level political, economic,Show MoreRelatedComponents of Risk Management Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesRISK MANAGEMENT. Assessment 1: . Table of Contents: 1. Introduction. 2. Establishing the context 2.1 Internal Context 2.2 External Context 2.3 Work he 3. Risk Assessment and Mitigation Option 4. Communication and Consultation 5. Monitoring and Review. 6. Conclusion. 1.1 Introduction. Carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) are an important family of emerging nanotechnologies. This technology has to do with the manipulation of atoms and molecules in the nanoscalesRead MoreStrategic Challenges For Local Communities1212 Words   |  5 Pagesemergency management in the U.S. is the local community. Each step begins here. Threat assessments are completed on the local level. Planning, mitigation, and response are all responsibilities of the local community to support the state and Federal practice using the guidance provided by both. One of the best guidance documents for these communities is the Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 201 (CPG201). In this guide, communities will complete the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk AssessmentRead MoreLactation Case Study969 Words   |  4 Pagesand ovarian cancer. 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In this paper we will discuss the difference between; human resources management principles compared to operations management principles and project management principles compared to operations management principles. Each of these management principlesRead MoreRisk Analysis : The American Red Cross1743 Words   |  7 PagesRisk analysis is an integral part of data safety within an organization and the analysis is vital to the mission and success of an organization. Risk analysis is used â€Å"to identify threats and then provide recommendations to address these threats† (Taylor et al, 2006). Risk analysis encompasses not only the equipment and programs used in an organization but also covers the culture, managerial, and administrative processes to assure data security. A key factor in risk analysis is to have a goodRead MoreRisk Management For Darling Harbour Water Feature3565 Words   |  15 Pages 49006- Risk Management in Engineering Risk Management Plan for Darling Harbour water feature Omar Aleassa Autumn 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................1 Risk Assessment Process....................................................................................2 1 Introduction......................................................................................................5 1Read MoreThe Emergence Of Risk Based Approaches1686 Words   |  7 PagesCh. 3.1 Emergence of Risk-Based Approaches Risk assessment is increasingly conducted by many groups within an organization to fulfil a variety of business and regulatory requirements. Various groups within the same organization often rely on guidance from different professional organizations to provide a framework for conducting the risk assessment. As financial organizations offer disparate approaches to risk assessment, they contribute to risk information. In this context, information systemsRead MoreApplication Of A Risk Assessment1068 Words   |  5 Pagesof a risk assessment Developing a secure ICS architecture based on the principles introduced in Module 4 – ICS Cyber Security Architecture will not in itself be sufficient to ensure ongoing protection. As time goes by, new vulnerabilities will be discovered in various ICS components, and new risks may be introduced through changes to work practices, to the infrastructure itself, or to the environment in which the ICS operates. For this reason, it is critical to have in place a corporate risk managementRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management ( Erm )1726 Words   |  7 PagesEnterprise Risk Management (ERM) is the ability to identify, manage and/or mitigate risks that can affect the overall business operations down to the day to day operations of an organization (Hampton, J., 2009). The overall Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) entails the utilization of a holistic model to identify risks that face an organization. ERM is not successful when it is managed in silos. Doing so could lead to the organizat ion not having a clear understanding of risks and a misunderstandingRead MoreMajor Components of IM/IT Governance1211 Words   |  5 PagesIM/IT Analysis: Information Management/Information Technology (IM/IT) governance is an important aspect for many organizations that consists of various major components. The importance of this governance is associated with its contribution to making business decisions more accurately and timely. For health care organizations, IM/IT governance is a significant in helping them to deal with the challenges in the health system. These organizations are experiencing overarching challenges in delivering

Workplace Bullying And Workplace Harassment Essay

Introduction In today’s competitive world where every single person is trying to be better than his/her peers or subordinates, the instances of workplace aggression leading to workplace bullying and workplace harassment are very common. Work organizations are like any other social setting where scarce resources, competition, time constraints to complete goals, personality of individuals often leads to workplace bullying and workplace harassment. Bullying and harassment are situations where a worker or supervisor is systematically mistreated and victimized by fellow workers or supervisors through repeated negative acts like insulting remarks and ridicule, verbal abuse, offensive teasing, isolation and social exclusion, or the constant degrading of ones’s work and efforts (Einarsen, 1994). The literature has shown that employees who are victims of workplace bullying and harassment show more negative well-being (anxiety, depression, irritation, psychosomatic complaints) and tend to be neurotic and less agreeable, conscientious and extravert. Edelmann and Woodall (1997) found some initial effects of bullying include: a loss of confidence (reported by 44.2 per cent); physical ailments (38.4 per cent); and stress (37.2 per cent). Most long-term effects included physical or psychological ill-health (53.5 per cent), inability to cope (21.5 per cent), and low self-esteem (19.8 per cent). Furthermore a lot of research has gone into workplace bullying and harassment, their effects onShow MoreRelatedWhy Do Some Employees But Not Others, Become Victims Of Bullying And Workplace Harassment? Essay3704 Words   |  15 Pagesof bullying and workplace harassment? Introduction In today’s competitive world where every single person is trying to be better than his/her peers or subordinates, the instances of workplace aggression leading to workplace bullying and workplace harassment are very common. Work organizations are like any other social setting where scarce resources, competition, time constraints to complete goals, personality of individuals often leads to workplace bullying and workplace harassment. Bullying andRead MoreEssay about Bullying and Harassment1373 Words   |  6 PagesManaging bullying and harassment in the workplace When most of us hear the term ‘bullying’ we seem to reflect back on childhood memories of the schoolyard bully tormenting others for self-amusement, much to the distain of others around them. Unfortunately this seems not to be the only time such behaviour occurs. Workplace bullying and harassment can be defined as ‘Offending, socially excluding someone or negatively affecting someone’s work tasks. It can occur repeatedly and regularly over a periodRead MoreSexual Harassment : How Does It Differ From Bullying?891 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is sexual harassment? How does it differ from bullying? Sexual harassment is an unwanted attention that is sexual in nature. It can be a one-time occurrence or a result of repeated behaviour. In addition, harassment is viewed from the victim’s perspective and what the perceiver or affected individual would feel in the exact same situation. Workplace bullying on the other hand can be defined as an act or verbal behavior that is persistent and continuous, with intent to mentally hurt or isolateRead MoreWorkplace Bullying Mediation And Anti Bullying Training Courses Online1019 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Bullying Mediation and Anti-Bullying Training Courses Online in Australia and internationally DO YOU AVOID OR FEAR MANAGING CONFLICT, WORKPLACE BULLYING, OR HARASSMENT AMONGST WORKERS, MANAGERS, DIRECTORS, BOARD MEMBERS? Do you have the skills to identify, prevent and manage situations of conflict, before they escalate? If not, you may be risking harm to your workers and your organisation. Personally you may also be liable to being sued. our online Anti-Bullying course is available as aRead MoreBullying and Harassment in Australia689 Words   |  3 PagesOrganisations within Australia have a legal obligation to prevent bullying and harassment. The Fair Work Commission, Australia’s national workplace relations tribunal, states that â€Å"bullying at work† occurs when â€Å"a person or a group of people repeatedly behaves unreasonably towards a worker or a group of workers at work and the behaviour creates a risk to health and safety.†(Fair Work Commission 2014).The legislation in Australia, implemented from the 1st of January 2014, dictates that a worker inRead MoreThe Effects Of Mental Illnesses On The Workplace1227 Words   |  5 Pages and benefits in the workplace covering mental illness should be clearly stated and made aware to all employees in a company. Each employee has rights and every employer has a duty to accommodate, especially when it comes to stopping harassment, violence and dis crimination. As stated in section 2.3.1 - The creation and impacts of mental illnesses in the workplace, there are two types of harassment: human rights harassment and personal harassment (CUPE, 2014). 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Ultimately, one employeeRead MoreApa Essay on Sexual Harassment1094 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Harassment Sexual harassment is a demeaning practice, one that constitutes a profound affront to the dignity of the employees forced to endure it.   By requiring an employee to contend with unwelcome sexual actions or explicit sexual demands, sexual harassment in the workplace attacks the dignity and self-respect of the victim both as an employee and as a human being. Sexual harassment is well defined as an unwelcome sexual request for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct ofRead MoreBullying, The, And Who Might Be Affected And Why?1664 Words   |  7 Pagescommunities, across the globe and has come to the forefront is the term â€Å"bullying†. It seems that everywhere on the news you see an incidence relating to bullying. There are organizations that are looking into solutions to combat this epidemic problem whether it may be through implementing training programs in schools or through the legal system. Seems like everyone is being bullied nowadays whether it be in s chools, workplace, gays, lesbians, children, adult, transgender youth, LGBT community, everyoneRead MoreWho Is The Real Bully?1712 Words   |  7 Pagesbully? Bullying has one of the most deadly outcomes in the world; it can corrupt futures and lives. There are roughly 4,400 suicide deaths per year that are related or in results of bullying. You can save lives on a daily basis by staying aware and having an understanding of bullying and how to prevent the dangers of it. Bullying is a commonly understood topic around the world, but there are many unknown facts and situations that people aren’t aware of, including different types of bullying: bullying

Freuds Theories on Personality free essay sample

Sigmund Freud developed psychodynamic theories on personality. He believed that there are three elements to our personality. The first is the ID, the second is the ego, and the third is the superego. He believed that each element keeps the others in check; therefore if all elements are well balanced the person had a healthy personality. Freud also developed a theory in which he believed our subconscious developed defense mechanisms to help us cope with anxiety and conflict. Finally, and quite possibly the most controversial and most known of his theories, he developed what he called the ‘psychosexual stages’. According to Sean McLeod, Freud believed life was composed of either pleasure or tension, and that tension was just built up sexual energy and pleasure was the only way to release the tension. (McLeod, 2008) As you can imagine, his theories were not widely accepted and are still hot topics of debate amongst psychoanalysts today. Freud believed the only element of our personality that is present at birth is the ID. He believed it to be the unconscious and included all of our natural and primitive instincts, or survival instincts. Freud was convinced that the ID is ruled by the pleasure principle. McLeod’s impression of the pleasure principle is that when the id doesn’t receive the gratification it seeks it begins to experience unpleasure. (McLeod, 2008) For instance, when an infant is hungry it will cry until it is fed. Being fed is part of the ID because it is a survival instinct and when that need is fulfilled it provides pleasure in a feeling of being full or satisfied. If the infant is not fed he/she goes into a sort of panic and experiences the unpleasure feeling. Freud also believed this was where the vast majority of libido energy was stored. The ID could be considered the devil on one’s shoulder, encouraging them to do whatever it takes to achieve pleasure. Regardless of the risk or complications, it wants what it wants and when it wants it. In comparison to the ID, the second element, the ego, is more realistic and down to earth. It uses logic and reason to help control the behavior of the ID. According to Freud, the ego is both conscious and unconscious. It is driven by the same instincts as the ID but uses common sense and reasoning to try to achieve the goal. McLeod points out that Freud mentions a comparison of the ID being a horse and the ego is the rider. This comparison makes perfect sense. (McLeod, 2008) Both the ID and ego share the same goal, as in a horse a rider attempting to reach a location, but they serve different functions in obtaining it. The id is perhaps the wild side to the calmer ego. It is the egos job to meet the needs of the id, while taking into consideration the reality and logic. The final element for the structure of one’s personality is the superego. The superego could be considered our conscious. It has developed morals and learned its idea of right from wrong, usually with guidance from the child’s mentors and role models. If the ID is the horse and the ego is the rider, then then superego is like a map to guide it. It has a clearer understanding of what is acceptable in society. The superego is what provides us with feelings of pride or guilt. Just like the ego, it shares the same goals as the ID. Its primary function is to keep the ego in check and ensure that actions are socially acceptable. Even though the ID is logical, it cannot necessarily decide what is acceptable in society. The ID throws a fit and wants something, the ego determines a way to get it because it knows that a fit won’t get the job done, and the superego comes along and perfects the plan by making it normal to society so that it does not cause embarrassment. Where the ID can be thought of as the devil on one’s shoulder, the superego balances it by being the angel on their shoulder. When the ego cannot satisfy the needs of both the ID and the superego it can become overwhelmed. When this happens the ego uses a defense mechanism to help ward off the unpleasant feelings. There are several different defense mechanisms that can be used. Each helps the ego and/or the person avoid anxiety in a stressful situation. The defense mechanisms job description is to protect from the reality of the stressful situation. One example of a defense mechanism would be repression. Repression allows the ego to ignore and block distressing thoughts and feelings from becoming conscious. Repression ultimately pushes the thoughts out of the conscious mind. A person might use repression to block the memory of their mother’s funeral to avoid the feelings of grief and hurt. Another defense mechanism used by the ego is denial. Denial, unlike repression does not block the thought or feeling; rather it refuses to acknowledge its presence. The most common examples of denial would be a person in an abusive relationship. No matter how many bruises or broken bones they end up with, they will deny that there is a problem. Denial is often used by addicts. Almost everyone can recognize the statement ‘the first step is admitting you have a problem’. Rationalization is another ego defense form. When a person rationalizes something they make up a reasonable explanation for the threatening behavior. An example of rationalization would be when a person thinks that it is okay for them to cheat on a test one time because they have never done it before. Projection, displacement, regression and identification are additional examples of defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms are very healthy for a person’s psyche as long as they are not abused. A person using denial to avoid confronting the fact they have an alcohol addiction would be an example of abusing a defense mechanism. Freud proposed a theory that a child’s personality develops in five stages. He called these stages psychosexual stages. Each stage represented a different sexual energy and was focused on certain areas of the body. Each stage also presented a challenge to the child. It was Freud’s belief that, starting from birth, sexual energy would start to accumulate and need to be released. Once the energy was released the person could then go on to the next stage. The first stage in Freud’s theory is the oral stage. This stage starts from birth and lasts until about one year old. Just as it sounds, everything in this stage is focused on the mouth. An infant’s primary focus for his or her first year is their mouth. They eat and generally form a habit of sucking on a thumb or some other object. Both the eating and the thumb sucking are pleasure releases for an infant. They draw a comfort from the actions. To bring back Freud’s ideas of the ID, when the infant is hungry he or she uses their mouth to cry and make noise so that they can achieve the pleasure they seek. Freud argued that if a person were to get stuck in this phase he would have an oral fixation. (McLeod, 2008) Examples of oral fixations include smoking, overeating, or anything in general that they use their mouth for, particularly in stressful situations. Stage two in Freud’s theory is the anal stage. This stage starts at around one and can last until about the age of three. This stage focuses on toilet training. Freud believed that the manner in which a child is toilet trained directly relates to his manners with authority. (McLeod, 2008) It was his belief that if a child’s parents set the expectations to high or too soon the child was likely to become anal-retentive. Anal-retentive is when everything is held in. These people like cleanliness and order. On the opposite end of that spectrum is anal-expulsive. Anal-expulsive personalities are often rebellious and disorganized. Dino Felluga interpreted this stage as one in which the child is pleased because after defecation he or she feels they have made something of their own. (Felluga, 2011) Obviously the child would have to have approval and praise from his or her parents and that would bring about a sense of gratification and pride. Between the ages of three and six children go through what Freud called the phallic stage. This has been believed to be the most important stage in the personality development theory. The genitals become the obsession in this stage. This is also the stage of gender identity discovery. He called this the Oedipus Complex. During this time the child will desire the parent of the opposite sex. In his own interpretation of the Oedipus Complex, James Phelan thought the boys would often fabricate a jealous rivalry with their father and then at some point they begin to fear that their father will discover their jealousy and render a punishment. (Phelan, 2005) The most tragic consequence a young boy can think of is his penis being taken away. Freud referred to this as â€Å"castration anxiety†. Once this fear is realized the little boy will start to connect with his father more than his mother. It was during this time he believed the most influential bonding could take place between a father and son. (Phalen, 2005) Freud was convinced that once a little girl realized she didn’t have penis she would begin to feel inferior to her father. Ultimately she faulted her mother for this and focused her attention and love onto her father. Freud referred to this concept as â€Å"penis envy†. There was concern if a person did not overcome the Oedipus Complex. In order to concur the challenge in this stage the child must concur the trust issues with the opposite sex parent. If this did not happen, as in previous stages, the child would get fixated in this stage. The direct reaction for this is trouble in relationships. Phalen thought that the males would not be intimate. In his research he also mention’s Freud’s belief that this is where homosexuality develops. (Phalen, 2005) Freud’s theories on if a female were to get stuck in this stage are weak at best. As the evidence shows, Freud did not have a good handle on females and how they developed. He assumed that if a female did get fixated in the Oedipus Complex stage it was because she was deeply ashamed and rather than face her father she gravitated towards the female sex. (Phalen, 2005). The next stage in the psychosexual stages is the latency stage, occurring between the ages of about 6 to puberty. This is the stage for learning. The sexual needs expressed in the previous stages are repressed and the child begins to focus on the reality principle. As previously discussed, the reality principle is important for the function of the ego and superego. It is during this time that a child can behave like a child. They focus on playing with children their age and enjoy learning new concepts. Usually they develop a sense of independence while at the same time learning to love and care for others. (Felluga, 2011) In general it is a calm and creative stage. The final stage in Freud’s theory is the genital stage. Simply put, this is the young adult. The libido comes back and in full gear and the goal is to find a sex object. John Garcia interpreted this stage as the stage in which the child becomes an adult and begins to seek out ways to channel his sexual energy in meaningful ways. (Garcia, 1995, p. 2). The primary focus is still the libido and that means they are on the hunt for a satisfactory partner of the opposite gender. The difference between this stage and earlier stages is that the energy is now focused on the opposite sex rather than selfish pleasure. (McLeod, 2008) In retrospect, Freud’s theories may have been too bizarre for general audience acceptance. Regardless of the sanity of his ideas, Brian Rock Peter Fonagy thought Freud to be an intellectual genius. (Rock Fonagy, 2006) Amongst other things Freud also developed theories on memory and dream interpretation. His ideas laid the groundwork for several other psychoanalysts to begin theirs. The remarkable thing about his theories is that they all played a role on each other and intertwined. The id, ego and superego play imperative parts in each of the psychosexual stages. It is clear that his basis of theory wrapped around sexual energy, or the libido. As Rock Fonagy mentioned, Freud’s ideas will be and have been helpful in exploring ourselves and are irreplaceable.

Case Study for marketing strategies of Courtyard Marriot Hotel Chain

Executive Summary Marriott Hotel Chain is one of the worlds leading hotel groups in the world. In India, the company has been expanding its operations and has opened up several hotels in some of the major cities of the country. Courtyard Marriott is one of the popularly known hotels in Ahmedabad. The Hotel boasts of luxury and is equipped with the latest seamless blend of comfort and convenience. The following report begins with a detailed analysis of the existing infrastructure of the Hotel and evaluates the marketing segmentation strategies applicable to the Hotel. After defining the Mission and vision of the Hotel, the report provides the objectives of its marketing strategies in the coming years. The report elaborates on the marketing strategies of the company which is based on the target market and the objectives the company has. Finally the report offers a strategic plan which needs to be implemented in order to achieve the laid down objectives (Pacifica Companies n.d.). In order to carry out the above research, the important concepts and tools of marketing have been utilised which offers the basis for determining the path which the Hotel needs to adopt in order to achieve their goals and objectives. The positioning strategies in particular offers the details regarding the segment of customers which the Hotel needs to target. Overall, the report below is a comprehensive marketing plan of the Courtyard Marriott Hotel in Ahmedabad. Mission Statement The One liner which the Hotel uses for promotion of its services is Connected to Meet Your Needs. Therefore, the mission statement of the company is to offer a new customer experience which is redefines the state of comfort and convenience to its customers. The Hotel pledges to surpass the needs of its customers by leveraging upon its image and experience which it has built over the years. Goals and Objectives Courtyard by Marriott is located in a prime location in the commercial capital of Gujarat. The Hotel bestows with a range of innovative and high-tech amenities for both the leisure as well as business travellers. The Hotel offers 164 different contemporary rooms and suits and offers high level of perks which includes in-room safes and high-speed internet access. SWOT Analysis In order to come up with the relevant goals and objectives for the hotel in the coming 12 months, the SWOT Analysis needs to be conducted which offers the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats which is related to the Hotel. Strengths Weaknesses Is a part of a world leader in the business of Hotel and Leisure Industry Equipped with the best infrastructure which is second to none in the city. Its online discounts and bookings have increased considerably over the years (Indian Coast Guard 2013). Offers a world class customer service Staff Turnover has been considerably high. Profit margins of the Hotel has been reported to have declined in a period of 5 years. Opportunities Threats There has been an increase in number of international customers coming to Ahmedabad. A significant customer segment is willing to spend more and avail of the 5 start facilities Increased business summits for example Vibrant Gujarat attracts business visitors from home and abroad (Vibrant Gujarat 2013) Affordable alternatives to the hotel in the nearby areas. Economic slowdown has been one of the major concerns for decrease in occupancy rates. The primary SMART goals and objectives of the company can be summarized as below: Courtyard extends to make its guests feel relaxed and refreshed to be perfectly ready to face every new day. Increase occupancy rate by 20% Redefine its image and focus on its core business Add affordable and low-cost products and services in its offerings. Increase responsive time and enhance the ambience Reduce cost of operations and increase efficiency The above objectives are for the coming 12 months as the hotel seems to have lost a considerable market share due to its policies and marketing strategies which have gone a bit beyond their core business objectives. The competition has beefed up and especially in Ahmedabad the number of 5 star and good quality of Hotels have raised in the last couple of years. With increased footfall, and people visiting the city for more than one or more reasons, the Courtyard Marriott needs to lay emphasis on increasing its market share and offer better quality services. The Hotel has been criticized at times to give way with some necessary leisure services in an attempt to reduce its costs and fight the competition. Hence, the target should be to work on these areas and improve upon the complaints and criticisms in the next 12 months. Market Segmentation Strategy It is not possible to handle customers as a big single sized market. For any kind of product or service, it is critical that perfect market segmentation strategies are used which recognizes the ways in which each segment of customers differ from the others in terms of needs, lifestyles, and attitudes. By using the following market segmentation strategy, Courtyard Marriott could prepare the roadmap to achieve the objectives mentioned above. The strategies would be subdivided on the basis of different segmentations used: Geographical: The major visitors to the Hotel is from within the country and comprises of the high income group segments. In order to make sure that the hotel could target this segment of customers, it needs to appear a value for money proposition. This can be done by highlighting the level of comfort and convenience the Hotel has on offer for the price it charges. Another segment of customers are from abroad. For this segment, the marketing strategy needs to leverage upon the brand of Marriott and increase the visibility using the social media and internet marketing channels (Typepad n.d.). Demographic: The demographic segmentation of customers divides them into two different members. The leisure travellers and the business travellers. In order to attract the leisure travellers, the marketing strategy needs to highlight the facility and infrastructure the Hotel offers in terms of comfort and convenience. For the business travellers, the unique location within the city and the convenience the hotel offers for business meets and travelling around the area would be prime element of marketing and promotion. Psychographic: The division as per this variable segments the customers into 3 different classes. They are socially, lifestyle and personality. For the socially and personality conscious customers the marketing strategy needs to be presenting the hotel as a prime venue which is affordable yet bestows all the features of a 5 star facility. For the lifestyle customers, the hotel segmentations strategy is to market its services and the added comfort facilities they offer (Siimt n.d.). Behavioural: This segmentation is done based on the attitudes and response towards the services offered by the customers. There are two segments here as well. One is price responsive while the other is feature rich customers. For the price responsive customers, the hotel needs to market its services with lucrative offers and deals which attracts the customers and avail the discounted services of the premises. For the feature rich customers, the highlight of the marketing strategies need to produce the range of infrastructure conveniences and add-ons which the hotel offers for a selected range of services (Neelesh War Hermitage n.d.). Positioning Strategy Courtyard Marriott is a dedicated brand of Marriott hotels which extends to offer the pleasure of staying inside a Hotel with added amenities and having an elite experience within. After evaluating the segmentation strategy and the different market segments, the following can be summarized as the different market segments to the Hotel which are a part of high income groups: Business Travellers Leisure Travellers Price Conscious Guests Feature Conscious Guests Courtyard Marriott Ahmedabad would be positioned largely like any other Courtyard Hotel which is designed for frequent business travellers who like to enjoy their breaks from the daily routine which travel offers. It would be positioned as a smart, dynamic hotel which helps its guests to make the most of their time when outside. The different elements which would constitute of the positioning strategies of the Hotel would comprise of: Smart: It would be placed as a hotel which understands the mindset of its guests. Here the management would be proactive and based on their experiences offer each and every anticipated service by different class of customers. Multidimensional: Here the Hotel would try to acknowledge their guests as an individual 1st and as a business person next. For the leisure group of travellers, it would be the focus to add comfort and convenience for their stay with their loved ones. In touch: The management needs to exhibit a clear understanding of the needs of its guests and stay pre-equipped with the resources required. It would be integrated with the goals and objectives of the company. Stay grounded: The next element of focus would be ensuring that the Hotel does not promise what it cant deliver. It needs to position itself as a 5 start facility which offers a range of specific services. Magnetic: A humble and warm team which makes every effort to bring a smile on the face of their customers. This would be done by guests being able to discover something new and different with every visit they make to the hotel. Open: Lastly, the positioning would need to be open to all suggestions and recommendations of guests. Moreover, the hotel would need to be patient and not appear pushy in any aspect. To conclude and summarize, Courtyard Marriott would be an ideal destination which offers a world class facility and matches up the global standards set by the Marriott group of Hotels. The positioning would largely comprise of a 5 start facility which is equipped to meet the latest needs and expectations of the customers from both within and outside the country. A customer coming to the Hotel would develop a perception about the hotel to be a value for money location. Irrespective of the purpose of travel, the management would need to highlight its core values and leverage from the brand image the hotel chain has developed in different parts of the world (Soeagra 2012). Strategic Action Plan A strategic plan offers the roadmap of implementing a range of marketing strategies in an expectation to meet the goals and objectives set by the organization. In case of Courtyard Marriott, the action plan for achieving the above mentioned objectives would be summarized as below: Planning The 1st step of implementing changes and ensuring that the Hotel is aware of the goals and objectives they need to achieve is planning. The top management would need to come up with a list of changes and define the roles of each member of the Hotel. Once the management is clear about what the organization needs to achieve and who are the primary elements who would act as the critical elements for the implementation process, the next step would be to train and inform its entire team. It would be wise to move collectively and ensure that the employees within the organization are valued. Take Feedbacks and suggestions Once the Hotel has carried out its planning and briefing, the next step is to take inputs from the members of its entire management. This would help in getting information about the challenges or problems which any element within the entire system might have been having. Also, suggestions from the on-field employees makes sure that the management is aware of the ground realities and issues. Implementing the changes The next step is to implement the proposed changes and introduction of the new systems in practicality. The implementation strategy would comprise of the following elements in respect of the above different goals Goals and Objectives Strategies Courtyard extends to make its guests feel relaxed and refreshed to be perfectly ready to face every new day. The Hotel would need to increase their response time to the service requirement of the customers and that too around the clock. Middle level managers would be responsible to ensure that things are addressed and the responsible staff members are catering to their respective duties. Increase occupancy rate by 20% In order to achieve this target, the Hotel would need to adopt several marketing strategies. Advertisements would be released on a monthly basis in leading newspapers, leisure magazines, and business magazines. Social Media Promotions and Internet Marketing needs to be beefed up. This would be done by increased promotions online by using AdWords and other advertisement platforms over the internet. On the other hand the company would need to come up with offers and discounts from time to time which needs to be informed to the customers by using the social media profiles. Offer membership options for frequent customers and local residents. The frequent customer membership would offer substantial discounts to the customers on every visit they make. While for the local residents, the Hotel would promote its leisure activities and offer them the option of availing discounts for staying and using the different facilities within. For instance, a local resident after membership would be offered discounts on food items to a considerable level. Redefine its image and focus on its core business There has been a shift in the way the Hotel has been promoting its services. It needs to shift back to its core business image of offering high class convenience and comfort for the period a guest stays within. With every booking the hotel would start to provide surprise add-ons which would only be revealed after the customer books. This way the customer can anticipate and be excited about the additional benefits which they might get for the bookings and period of stay they make. This should be a premium service and offer the customer the sense of being valued (Club Marriott n.d.). Add affordable and low-cost products and services in its offerings. To target a considerable chunk of customers from the middle income group who aspire to take a facility of a 5 star experience, the hotel would need to come up with discounted offers for specific periods each month. The management needs to evaluate and come up with relevant dates of discounts each month. It would be based on the past data of the duration of low occupancy. It further needs to ensure that for each month the company announces the offers in about two months in advance. Besides, additional affordable bookings for the members could be a top-up for attracting the customers to become members. Increase responsive time and enhance the ambience The management needs to consistently evaluate the manpower required based on the occupancy they have. To increase the response time, adequate staffing would be done for each levels and departments. To enhance the ambience, the Hotel would implement different blends of decorative elements and curtains to suit the seasons. For instance, the decorative elements and curtains used for winters could be a blue look while for summers a bright combination would be a winner. This would help in attracting customers to come to the hotel in anticipation of a new feel and atmosphere for each visit. Reduce cost of operations and increase efficiency The Hotel would switch to installation of LED lights inside and solar panels in the outer areas of the Hotel. This move would be done for reducing the energy costs. Increasing efficiency would be facilitated by introduction of advanced cleaning tools, delivery systems, and options to reach the respective divisions by the customer. Establish a process Review The next step after defining the strategies with respect of each goal above would be to establish a review process which would include the evaluation measures and the people responsible to evaluate the entire process. This review process would further be utilized to evaluate and compare with the achieved standards with respect to the each move suggested above. Courtyard Marriott would also need to establish the process of collecting data and relevant feedback from the visitors. The data would be an essential element which would be handy for being used as control mechanisms and implementing the corrective measures as mentioned below. Control and implement corrective measures The senior management would be responsible to supervise the above strategies and direct the respective employees responsible for carrying out each task. An audit would be performed each month and the progress and data recorded would be compared with the set standards. In a scenario where there have been issues or diversion to the primary objectives of the company, the corrective measures need to be implemented. Timescale The above marketing strategic plan lays down the things which has to remain the prime focus for the hotel in the coming 12 months. The processes suggested would be a regular practice and needs to be repeated with each month. Therefore, besides setting the timeline for planning and setting the date for the above changes rest of the processes needs to repeat on a monthly basis. The time taken to make the entire planning and implementation arrangements is set to be 20 days after which the Hotel would start implementing the above changes. References Pacifica Companies, Colour Cocktail, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.pacificacompanies.co.in/pdf/Media/courtyard%20by%20marriot.pdf Club Marriott, Member Benefits and Process, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.clubmarriott.in/ahmedabad-marriott.html Indian Coast Guard 2013, Marriott Hotels MOU, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://indiancoastguard.nic.in/Indiancoastguard/cgpersonnel/MoU_Hotels/MOU_files/Marriott%20hotel%20mou.PDF Mariott Preferred, Membership Benefits, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://marriottpreferred.com/sobs-pdf/New_JW_Marriott-Mumbai-SOB.pdf Aaress, Marriott Hotels, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.aaress.net/pdf/Marriott%20Presentation_new.pdf Typepad, Courtyard by Marriott, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://marriott2.typepad.com/files/print-version---international-courtyard-brand-fact-sheet.pdf Siimt, Marriott International Inc - Travel and Tourism World, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.siimt.com/work/models/siimt/Resource/1098/Marriot_World.pdf Neelesh War Hermitage, Indian Spice and Colour, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.neeleshwarhermitage.com/Indian%20Spice.pdf Vibrant Gujarat 2013, Vibrant Gujarat Summit 2013, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.vibrantgujarat.com/Portal/Event_Images/Attachment/132/2_1_esdm-brochure.pdf Soeagra 2012, Marriott India: Managing Its Hospitality through Gearing Service Quality, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://soeagra.com/ijert/ijertjune2012/11.pdf V Resorts 2013, Hotel and Resorts 2013, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.vresorts.in/image/TravelTrendsTodayJune2013.pdf India PR Wire 2011, HVS announces Finalists for the HICSA 2011 'Hotels of the Year Awards', accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/leisure-travel/2011031480542.pdf Cushman Wake Field, Hospitality Industry: South Asia Market Overview, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/~/media/reports/india/Hospatility%20Almanac%20Report.pdf Christ University 20111, The Hospitality Industry, accessed on 14th January 2015, https://www.christuniversity.in/uploadimages/HT_December%202011(1).pdf

a long recovery essays

a long recovery essays When he accepted the Democratic Party's nomination for the presidency in 1932, Franklin Roosevelt pledged "a new deal for the American people" (Atack, 1994, p. 625). When he assumed office, the American system of democratic capitalism faced a crisis of monumental proportions. Economic distress and social unrest were widespread. In 1929, Hoover's first year as president, the prosperity of the 1920s capsized. Stock prices climbed to unprecedented heights, as investors speculated in the stock market. The bender, in which people bought and sold stocks for higher and higher prices, was fueled by easy credit, which allowed purchasers to buy stock "on margin." If the price of the stock increased, the purchaser made money; if the price fell, the purchaser had to find the money elsewhere to pay off the loan. More and more investors poured money into stocks. Uncontrolled buying and selling fed an upward spiral that ended on October 24, 1929, when the stock market collapsed. The great crash shattered the economy. Fortunes vanished in days. Consumers stopped buying, businesses retrenched, banks cut off credit, and a downward twist commenced. The Great Depression lasted through the 1930s. Since the crash of '29, the value of common stocks had declined from $89 billion to $15 billion. Between 1929 and 1932 GNP dropped in constant 1928 dollars from billions $197.1 to $143. Real output fell 29 percent. Total gross investment fell from 15 percent of GNP to one percent. Consumption dropped by more than one third. Unemployment increased from 3.2 percent in 1929 to 21?25 percent in 1933(Picture 4). About 13 million Americans were officially out of work. Farm prices and farm income had appreciably fallen. On the eve of the March 1933 inauguration, the nation's banking system collapsed as millions of panicky depositors tried to withdraw savings that the banks had tied up in long-term loans. On that evening, Roosevelt declaring in his inaugu...

Criminal justice essays

Criminal justice essays Fine: This option tends to be the most commonly used option by the courts. A fine maybe imposed on both summary and indictable convictions. Depending on the nature of the conviction and length of sentence a fine can be imposed alone or in combination with a prison term or with probation. The maximum allowable fine for a summary conviction is 2000 dollars in the case of an individual and 25,000 dollars in the case of a corporation. Prohibitions and Forfeiture: Under certain conditions and in addition to an imposed sentence the courts may direct that a person be prohibited from certain activities. For example a person convicted of impaired driving will be prohibited from operating a motor vehicle for a specific period of time. Another example might be that a person will be prohibited from owning a firearm for a designated period of time. As well certain convictions could result in the forfeiture of property if it was used in the commission of an offence or was obtained through the proceeds of a criminal offence. An example of this might be that the Crown might require the person to forfeit their boat if it was used in the commission of a drug importation conviction. Absolute and Conditional Discharge: These options are used for first time offenders charged with minor offences. When an individual receives an Absolute discharge, he/she is discharged from the courts and has no further obligation to the justice system. An individual who receives a conditional discharge is subject to conditions of a probation order. Violation of these conditions or further convictions could result in the conditional release being revoked and conviction on the original offence for which he/she received the conditional discharge. Incarceration: The courts can impose a provincial or federal term. The sentence imposed will be determined by the nature of the offence and conviction. A provincial term is any sentence up to two years less a day. ...

South African News Reports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

South African News Reports - Essay Example Rens recalled an incident in which Oscar thought that a burglar had entered his house only to realize that it was nothing more than a tumbler dryer. This was not a particular incident since the prosecution cited a tweeter update in November 2012 when Pistorius talked about going into ‘core-red’ mode after entering his house but later realized that he had left the washing machine on. Additionally, the defense supported their claims about his trigger-happy nature by citing 10 visits to the shooting range.The primary witness on Monday clarified that Oscar understood private gun ownership laws in the land. All purchasers are required to fill a questionnaire that tests their knowledge of these laws. Some of the questions seek to find out if the buyer understands conditions for use of the guns. When asked whether one should shoot buglers stealing a TV, Oscar replied negatively because no life was in danger. Additionally, he selected an ideal shooting incident as a condition wh ere burglars were pursuing the gun owner, were armed and no barrier existed between them. The questionnaire ended with a final question in which the gun owner is always expected to know their target as well as what lies beyond. 18th March, Tuesday was police captain Chris Magena’s day. He explained how he reconstructed the scene in order to establish how the crime occurred.It came to light that he was not wearing his prosthetics since the bullet trajectories supported this conclusion. The chief investigator measured the athlete.

Business Management practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Management practice - Essay Example Managing the workforce’ behavior and attitude in today’s modern times still reflects the influence of at least six major schools of management thought. These are the influences of Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management, Henri Fayol’s Management Process School, the Human Relations School by Mayo, the Quantitative Sciences School, the General Systems Theory, and the more modern Management and Culture school of thought (Rodriguez, 2001). But the growing complexities of the modern organizations, even becoming global in character, have necessarily required the evolution and development of other perspectives to deal with people. In one article over the internet, one management consultant even declared that â€Å"classic management theory dies† (Joffinza, 2007). Modern times have brought the classic management theory into a challenge. New perspectives which emerge from the growing multi-cultural nature of organizations are borne, thus new paradigms are d eveloped either to complement or replace the classic management theory. Since an organization is composed of individuals with varying personalities converging together to achieve organizational goals, it is inevitable that conflicting interests and clashing personalities will slow down organizational momentum in achieving previously set goals. This is due to the fact that individuals have their own personal agenda that may be different from other co-workers. It is thus necessary to manage such varied behavior and attitude in the workplace in order to promote a harmonious inter-personal relationships in the workplace, thus minimizing any disruptive behavior that can affect the operations of the business. Managing the behavior and attitude of the workforce is so important in every organization that its study has already evolved as a formal discipline. Organizational behavior,

Medical Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Medical Law - Coursework Example In this regard, an individual’s right to self-determination is based on the individual’s capacity to exercise that right. In other words, autonomy and the right to self-determination are the ethical factors underlying what UK law accepts as capacity or competency.5 The law assumes outright that individuals have the capacity to consent to medical treatment. Under Section 1(2) of the Mental Capacity Act 2005, â€Å"a person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is established that he lacks capacity.†6 In other words, the capacity to consent is a rebuttable presumption, although healthcare professionals are required to start out with the presumption that all patients have the capacity to consent to medical treatment. The presumption of capacity to consent is not automatically denied minors. ... s it would be if he were of full age; and where a minor has by virtue of this section given an effective consent to any treatment it shall not be necessary to obtain any consent for it from his parent or guardian.7 It would therefore appear that the age of majority has been lowered to 16 in terms of determining the legal capacity to consent to or refuse medical treatment. However, Section 8(3) of the 1969 Act goes on to provide that Section 8 â€Å"shall not be construed as making ineffective any consent which would have been effective† in the event â€Å"this section had not been enacted†.8 It therefore follows that common law considerations relative to assessing capacity on the basis of the patient’s ability to process and understand information relative to medical treatment in a rational manner may be applied to all minors. Lord Scarman noted in Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authorit that fixing the age of minority at 16 was undesirable as it: Brings with it an inflexibility and a rigidity which in some branches of the law can obstruct justice, impede the law’s development and stamp on the law the mark of obsolescence where what is needed is the capacity for development.9 In other words, Lord Scarman felt that it was unrealistic to fix the age of development when many factors influenced a child’s level of maturity and thus the issue of whether or not a minor was in a position to understand the medical treatment proposed and thus make a rational decision about accepting or refusing to accept it. It therefore follows that capacity to consent to or refuse to submit to medical treatment is a subjective issue. Legal capacity to consent to medical treatment or medicine is not determined or fixed on the basis of the individual’s status. Therefore

Analysis of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)

Analysis of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) The Geography of European Integration: Economy, Society and Institutions Kourdoumpalou Panagiota Which of the following two sentences is more likely to be correct in your opinion? Present at least two arguments to support your opinion. The establishment of a common monetary union in the EU was a successful step towards deeper European integration. The idea of a common monetary union in EU didn’t take under consideration all the economic aspects resulting in its failure a few years later. Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) represents a major step in the integration of EU economies. It involves the coordination of economic and fiscal policies, a common monetary policy, and a common currency, the euro. The 28 EU Member States take part in the economic union, but some countries have taken integration further and adopted the euro. The decision to form an Economic and Monetary Union was taken by the European Council in Maastricht in December 1991, and was later enshrined in the Treaty on European Union. The Economic and Monetary Union helps the EU in its process of economic integration. Economic integration brings the benefits of greater size, internal efficiency and robustness to the EU economy as a whole and to the economies of the individual Member States. This offers opportunities for economic stability, higher growth and more employment. On January, 1999, 11 of the 115 European Union (EU) countries formed the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), adopting the euro as their common currency. Since then, in the Eurozone, the European Central Bank carries out a common monetary policy and, to a high degree, bond markets are fully integrated ( European Commission). The creation of the Eurozone was preceded by a gradual regulatory harmonization among European stock markets and the ending of various restrictions on nonresidents, and also by an effort among EU countries to satisfy the Maastricht criteria for joining the Eurozone. The effort to satisfy the Maastricht criteria also led to betterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ balanced fiscal budgets, which may have led to a â€Å"real convergence† of European economies, that is, an increased synchronization in business cycles across the European economies (Julian Alworth, Giampaolo Arachi, 2008). The introduction of the euro had many advantages. It improved transparency, it standardized the pricing in financial markets, and reduced investors transaction and information costs. Finally, the introduction of a single currency eliminated the currency risk within the EU and reduced the overall exchange rate exposure of European stocks. This factor, together with the nominal and real convergence, should have led to more homogeneous valuations of equities in EMU countries (Gikas A. Hardouvelis, Dimitrios Malliaropulosa, Richard Priestleyd, 2007). One way to evaluate if European stock markets became more integrated during the 1990s is to examine the evolution of the relative influence of EU. When stock markets are partially integrated, both global and local risk factors are priced. There is a possibility of estimating a conditional asset pricing model with a timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ varying degree of integration, which measures the importance of EU, wide market and currency risks which are relative to countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ specific risk (Gikas A. Hardouvelis, Dimitrios Malliaropulosa, Richard Priestleyd, 2007). Each Eurozone country has its own timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ varying degree of stock market integration. The degree of integration is bounded between zero and unity and conditioned on a broad set of monetary, currency, and business cycle variables. These variables estimate the gradual nominal and real convergence of the European economies during the preà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ monetary union period. Among the included variables, the most prominent one is each countrys forward interest rate differential with Germany which was widely used by market analysts as an indicator of the probability that an EU country would eventually manage to join the Eurozone. In the second half of the 1990s, the degree of integration gradually increased to the point where individual Eurozone country stock markets appear to be fully integrated into the EU market. There have been two main factors that driven the increase in the level of integration: the evolution of the probability of joining the single currency and the evolu tion of inflation differentials (Gikas A. Hardouvelis, Dimitrios Malliaropulosa, Richard Priestleyd, 2007). Moreover, economic integration resulted in businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cycle convergence. Crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ country return correlations and business cycles are related. Monetary and fiscal policy coordination may have led to increased synchronization of business cycles among EMU member countries, which could have led to increased correlation of expected corporate earnings and more homogeneous estimates of European equities (Gikas A. Hardouvelis, Dimitrios Malliaropulosa, Richard Priestleyd, 2007). In the 1990s there is a process of increased integration of European stock markets to the prospects of the formation of EMU and the adoption of the euro as the single currency. During the 1990s, the degree of integration of each countrys stock market with the EU market was negatively related to both its forward interest rate differential with Germany and its inflation differential with the best three performing countries. Also, the inflation differential was a major indicator of whether a country with a high inflation had the ability to achieve nominal convergence and satisfy a major criterion for admittance into the Eurozone. The process of integration was not easy, but in the second half of the 1990s, stock markets converged toward full integration. In other words, their expected returns became increasingly determined by EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ wide market risk and less by local risk (Gikas A. Hardouvelis, Dimitrios Malliaropulosa, Richard Priestleyd, 2007) Concluding, supporting evidence on the hypothesis that the prospect of EMU was the cause behind the observed increase in stock market integration among Eurozone countries comes from two main sources. First, when we observe the experience in the United Kingdom, an EU country that chose not to join the Eurozone, is clearly different than the rest of the European stock markets. The UK market showed no signs of increased integration with the EU stock market. Second, the integration in Europe appears to be a Eurozoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ specific phenomenon, which does not rely on possible simultaneous worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ market integration. So, now it can be said that the establishment of a common monetary union in the EU was a successful step towards the European integration. It is obvious that the process of integration was not easy, but there was a convergence of the stock markets towards full integration. In other words, their expected returns became increasingly determined by EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬  wide market risk and less by local risk. References European Commission, Economic and Monetary Union. [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/emu/index_en.htm Gikas A. Hardouvelis, Dimitrios Malliaropulosa, Richard Priestleyd, (2007). The impact of EMU on the equity cost of capital. Journal of International Money and Finance Julian Alworth, Giampaolo Arachi, (2008). Taxation policy in EMU, Economic Papers 310 1

Education and Egalitarianism in America :: American Education School Educators Essays

Education and Egalitarianism in America The American educator Horace Mann once said: "As an apple is not in any proper sense an apple until it is ripe, so a human being is not in any proper sense a human being until he is educated." Education is the process through which people endeavor to pass along to their children their hard-won wisdom and their aspirations for a better world. This process begins shortly after birth, as parents seek to train the infant to behave as their culture demands. They soon, for instance, teach the child how to turn babbling sounds into language and, through example and precept, they try to instill in the child the attitudes, values, skills, and knowledge that will govern their offspring's behavior throughout later life. Schooling, or formal education, consists of experiences that are deliberately planned and utilized to help young people learn what adults consider important for them to know and to help teach them how they should respond to choices. This education has been influenced by thr ee important parts of modern American society: wisdom of the heart, egalitarianism, and practicality... the greatest of these, practicality. In the absence of written records, no one can be sure what education man first provided for his children. Most anthropologists believe, though, that the educational practices of prehistoric times were probably like those of primitive tribes in the 20th century, such as the Australian aborigines and the Aleuts. Formal instruction was probably given just before the child's initiation into adulthood -- the puberty rite -- and involved tribal customs and beliefs too complicated to be learned by direct experience. Children learned most of the skills, duties, customs, and beliefs of the tribe through an informal apprenticeship -- by taking part in such adult activities as hunting, fishing, farming, toolmaking, and cooking. In such simple tribal societies, school was not a special place... it was life itself. However, the educational process has chang ed over the decades, and it now vaguely represents what it was in ancient times, or even in early American society. While the schools that the colonists established in the 17th century in the New England, Southern, and Middle colonies differed from one another, each reflected a concept of schooling that had been left behind in Europe. Most poor children learned through apprenticeship and had no formal schooling at all. Those who did go to elementary school were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion.

Critical Analysis various programs

One of the most essential functions of the state is to provide public welfare and look after the citizens of the country. This is done through the application of various programs aimed at developing the people’s capacity and alleviating others. The success in this task is what, to a great extent, defines the state’s relationship with the citizens and how much people get involved in collaboration with it. If they don’t get the support of the state, citizens can slip into apathy and become disjoint from matters that require the attention of the whole nation.As the decades have progressed we see significant changes in the way public programs are organized and continuing improvement is necessary to promote efficiency and results. In Hope Unraveled, Richard Harwood states some of his basic observations after conversations with the American people across various states. He makes a good point that the nation is embroiled at most, in the debate regarding republicans and democrats and whether religion should be an important element in the state and does not go any further. When looked at closely, what the nation appears to be eliciting is a general level of distancing from politics and public life.The link between state leaders and the ordinary people is a very frail one and now that the ethos of the people is no longer truly represented in the rhetoric of the politicians, the public is withdrawing itself. This as a result is allowing these leaders to garner political gain for themselves (Harwood, 2005). This perhaps presents the need for some sort of change in the measures adopted for public welfare and other programs initiated by the state. That fragile link between the state and the people needs to be rebuilt which can best be done by improving public management.Kamensky and Burlin, present a very good insight into the measures that could be taken by public managers which stress use of collaborative arrangements. The basic principles of networks and partnerships can be of very important use in this regard. To bring about a so called â€Å"public management revolution† requires some changes in the methods adopted. Productivity needs to be stressed on through all levels of public services (Kamensky, 2005). This has been the hallmark of the private sector and perhaps it is now a time for increased dependence on it by the public sector.Another change drastically needed is reducing the centralization and allowing more entrustment at the sub national level so application is left more to those at the grass roots, better able to respond to changing conditions. The centre could focus more on the creation of public policy and making sure the smaller, semi-autonomous units are held accountable for their measures. The core beliefs surrounding the need for this public management revolution are culminating in public managers opting to replace the traditional bureaucratic organizational structure and to engage in the provision of p ublic services with new and creative ways.A few ways of doing this is contracting out services to third parties and collections of public, nonprofit, and for-profit organizations, instead of a bureaucratic hierarchy. These contractual relationships can help develop linkages between organizations, although it would be significantly different from a network. Networks may be funded by grants, contracts, or fee-for-service arrangements, but they use collaboration as a way of dealing with problems in a coordinated fashion that would be impossible for just one organization.The idea behind contracting is exactly the opposite of collaboration—competition, where two or more organizations are forced to compete for the contract. The network logic is that collaboration is needed to deal with problems that don’t fit neatly within the boundaries of a single organization. This creation of a so called networked form of governance has been the ultimate result of contracts and decentral ization (Harwood, 2005). Collaborative networks are the best methods for tackling public management problems like homelessness and child welfare.The problems mentioned above that have to be tackled by public agencies are interrelated to a great extent and in most occasions, are bigger than what one single, unconnected agency can handle. Effective management is important in the case of dealing with networks but the benefits accumulated from them are resoundingly high. A connected series of jobs can be fulfilled that may otherwise prove overwhelming. The network is disjointedly different from other forms such as a bureaucratic structure but their ability to aid in problem solving; despite their complex make up is what makes them important for improving public management.Certain precautions need to be taken for networks to be successful. They can result in failure if effective management is not available. There is not much significant research available in this regard. However it is st ill important to be stressed upon with public managers being provided a certain level of understanding of what needs to be done for increased ability of networks to achieve success. Schorr is an advocate making use of the ability of networks and the lessening of the bureaucratic hierarchical structure that was slowly emerging.According to her, public programs have to be â€Å"comprehensive, flexible, responsive and persevering† to be effective. This is best achieved by the decentralization that has been stressed upon before and letting the people at the grass roots handle what they are adept at. These public programs also require clear objectives and the availability of sufficient resources (Schorr, 1998). There may never have been a need for thinking about the advantages of networking for public services if earlier trends had continued.Before, as Schorr examined, there were slowly emerging small but viable public programs that were actually making headway in dealing with soc ial problems. Unemployment and issues such as teen pregnancy were effectively being handled and great things could have been expected from these programs but many of these creative ideas soon came under the stranglehold of bureaucracy. Once caught, these programs slipped into obscurity and lost their luster. Part of the responsibility for the slip in public management and the adverse results can be attributed to the public.The modern day citizens can be seen to possess a deep seeded anger with public life and politics in general. There was some level of care about the public realm but in general, most felt manipulated by lobbying techniques and spin meisters. Over time this even developed into frustration as many saw big issues being deliberated upon but too little concern being shown for their issues. This was complimented by the failure of public programs that were bogged down by the bureaucratic hierarchical structure. Even the news was dominated by scandals and power politics th at did not fit public concern anywhere in its fold.Thus when the people were immensely frustrated with public life, they began to withdraw to their own personal abode where they attempted to get away from the manipulative power of media and the political lobbyists and spin meisters. September 11 was one event that gathered the nation together with promises of engaging citizens, inception of new welfare programs and perhaps the emergence of more practical news in the media. It could have been the starting point of a process of change, a catalyst for greater trust and involvement in public life.That golden opportunity was eventually lost as well as the nation continued its retreat away from the public sphere and slipped further away. Success of public programs depends to a great extent on the involvement of citizens. This requires certain notions of public good and awareness. That was just the thing being lost from the nation’s shared lives. However great the frustration is wit h a particular cause, the health of a democracy and the effectiveness of its public programs requires more than just a good voter turnout. It requires keen interest in public life and involvement in every sphere.This â€Å"me first† philosophy needs to change if public program are to be salvaged. Building networks and partnerships is one thing but not every organizational move can result in success. It requires belief and the willingness to go the extra mile. This other path can lead the nation to create a more vibrant and robust public life. This requires a reevaluation of how the general public evaluates and puts into practice the public programs. It is a translation of the belief that people actually want to get involved and make a difference. They want to step forward to improve their surroundings and bring about change in society.When things start improving on one end, it tends to produce a ripple effect that spreads across various rungs of the public infrastructure (Bar dach, 1998). For philanthropy, this approach has immediate and concrete implications. This approach needs a particular kind of thinking that focuses on going beyond the creation of single projects or singular objectives. It requires putting hope in workable projects that themselves become shining stars to follow and emulate. This creates a feel good factor within the framework of the public administration and involves the people further as well.It has to be kept in mind that such singular projects alone can not halt particular trends or lead to improvement at large. Supporting singular successful projects only works well if it is paired with more initiative and the drive to continue producing measurable results from public programs which actually allows a new trend to establish roots and cement the change process. What needs to be taken care of here is that the change being aimed for does not just provide short term gain and results in an increase in competition within communities i n the nation.The benefits of singular projects that turn out successful may not accrue to all in the short term or even in the near future but it does lead to establishment of change. This requires patience which if not fostered, could result in acrimonious feelings within the communities (Tom, 2007). The challenge is that in the current culture of opposition, our very public structures, relationships, networks, leaders and norms are not amenable or hospitable to supporting an alternate path. This creates certain uphill tasks. As some analysts point out, real and sustainable change can only be garnered with the presence of the right mechanism.This has been founding wanting in large parts of the society and even the catalysts for change are now hard to discover and capitalize on. The years of stagnation with regard to public life has created a gap on how actually to best engage people and lead to an acceptable level of progress in public programs. It proves inherently difficult thus, to seek out ways to overcome the existent adverse conditions that hold progress. There is a need for creation of an alternate path in society, one that ignites a sense of possibility and hope. This path requires bringing together all the steps that have been deliberated above.The first is the development of civic minded organizations which go beyond the society’s divisive elements and actually involve the people as such, enabling them to engage. The needs of the hour is innovation and persistence on the part of the administrators as constructing something new and workable like that is not very quickly done. Such organizations if successfully constructed can serve as central beacons of hope that can be the stepping stone for increased engagement in public life and alleviating some of the withdrawal that has plagued the nation.These organizations themselves also need to bank on networks and partnerships with the private sector and with other public entities so as to maintain e fficiency and help increase credibility of the public management. This has to be complemented with the creation of leaders, emerging both from within society and the public sphere who can help this cycle of sustainable change to continue and also make sure that the complex partnerships and networks that come into place for problems solving work well and do not expire, leading the nation back to the trend it so desperately needs to halt.Works Cited Bardach, Eugene (1998). Getting Agencies to Work Together. Brookings Institution Press. Kamensky, John M (2004). Collaboration. Rowman & Littlefield. Richard, Harwood (2005). Hope Unravelled. Kettering Foundation Press. Schorr, Lisbeth (1998). Common Purpose. Anchor. Tom, Christensen (2007). Transcending New Public Management . Ashgate Publishing.

A Solution For Terminal Illness Professor Ramos Blog

A Solution For Terminal Illness Imagine this, your mother has had uncontrollable seizures for the past four years with no cure or way to stop them. You have to watch helplessly as she goes through a minimum of seven seizures a day. She can no longer walk, eat, brush her teeth, or do normal activities as she used to without your help. She tells you that every day she is living in unimaginable pain with no rest. The medications to ease some of the pain costs hundreds of dollars that you have to pay for. Your mother tells you she wants to end her life and finally be at peace without having to wake up every morning and go through each day suffering. Would you agree and consent with her in being put to rest? This act of a physician legally ending a person’s life by a painless means with the consent from the patient and their family is called voluntary euthanasia. There are two different ways that euthanasia can be classified. Euthanasia can be classed as either voluntary euthanasia or involuntary euthanasia. Volu ntary euthanasia is when a patient requests and gives consent for a physician to take their life. Involuntary euthanasia is when the patient is unable to give consent for this action (but has previously expressed their want for their life to end) and that decision is then made by someone else. Euthanasia should be legal to anyone who is suffering because of an incurable medical condition or if they are terminally ill, as long as the patient gives consent and has a true understanding of what the procedure is. To clarify what euthanasia is, according to the National Health Service, euthanasia is â€Å"the act of deliberately ending a persons life to relieve suffering† (â€Å"Euthanasia† par. 1). A doctor would be able to intentionally overprescribe a patient’s medication in order for them to slowly end their life, with the consent of the patient of course. This should be legal to those who are suffering from severe medical conditions with no cure or those who are terminally ill. Dr. Michael Irwin states, â€Å"I wouldnt want to be unnecessarily kept alive against my own will (Irwin par. 3). If someone wants to willingly end their life because of medical reasons they should at least have that option available. Being kept alive against one’s own will, and making them suffer from an incurable medical condition is outrageous because they just want to be at peace. This could bring up the question, what about the doctors doing this, can’t it be seen as murder? Dr. Marcia Angell says, â€Å"It seems to me that, as with opposition based on whether the physician is active, the argument that physicians should be only healers focuses too much on the physician, and not enough on the patient.† (Angell 2). Focusing on the patients needs and wants is more important because it should be the patient’s choice if they want to solve their health problems by passing away peacefully. More emphasis should be directed towards what the patient wants not on how the physician feels. In cases where healing and curing patients is unreachable, doctor’s should find ways to alleviate that suffering patients are experiencing. When it gets to the point when the patient is suffering and there’s no plausible way that the patient could recover and heal, then that is the time that he or she should be able to decide if medically passing away is the right option for them. In the end, if the decision is to voluntarily be put to rest then so be it . The best decision for the patient is the most important and he or she should be able to make that choice. The physicians role in this can be explained with the help of the Hippocratic oath that will be discussed as well. The Hippocratic Oath is an oath that has been taken by physicians throughout history and goes like this: I swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment, this covenant: I will respect the hard-won scientific gains of those physicians in whose steps I walk, and gladly share such knowledge as is mine with those who are to follow. Swearing by this oath could prevent someone from helping a patient with their assisted death but the procedure can always been discussed if it is legal in the state where the patient resides. Theres people that tell me why are you doing this [advocating for PAS], youre supposed to cure, youre supposed to help this person, my answer to that is some people need help dying. To prolong a death in some cases is not helpful, it can be counter productive. My objective is that given the Hippocratic Oath, Im not going against it† (Irwin par. 4). He is not going against the oath because that is was he works by, also he does everything through his work so there is no chance that his work or job could be jeopardized by thinking about assisting a suicide. This oath where the body of it forbids the killing of a human being and also bans the help in suicide. The family has to constantly have the thought in the back of their head that a loved one is in a great amount of pain. Financially, there are many complications that could arise with keeping a suffering man or woman in a hospital along with their treatment. For people who have gone through the decision of euthanasia, they would want to acknowledge if he or she has a legal right to do so. â€Å"Savings to governments could become a consideration. Drugs for assisted suicide cost about $75 to $100, making them far less expensive than providing medical care. This could fill the void from cutbacks for treatment and care with the treatment of death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nordqvist 3) Keeping the patient in the hospital can exceed the cost of the procedure of helping the patient with assisted suicide. Prolonged payments go to waste if the patient is not going to get better or is going to pass soon. This money could be put to a more beneficial use if assisted suicide is allowed. The drugs bought to help the patient with assisted suicide or euthanasia are much less expensive than the treatment to keep them at the point of survival but not truly living. For some families, choosing assisted suicide is the only affordable choice for people who cannot cont inue to pay. The patient may also feel obligated to choose the route of ending the financial drought of their family if that is what it comes to in order to relieve that burden from their family. The typical procedure of death by euthanasia or assisted suicide is unknown to many individuals in our society today because so little conversation about it is being discussed. However, Many people worry that if voluntary euthanasia were to become legal, it would not be long before involuntary euthanasia would start to happenIn general form, it says that if we allow something relatively harmless today, we may start a trend that results in something currently unthinkable becoming accepted.† (Irwin par. 9). If the laws and people start practicing and going along with assisted death, either voluntary or involuntary, then soon enough that is what people would turn to first and more often possibly without the necessary reasons and thoughts. Overall, there has been an overview of several pros of Euthanasia such as the legalization from medical perspectives, the new knowledge of the Hippocratic Oath and who is represented by the oath, and the financial motivations of the participants in the talk of euthanasia. Euthanasia should be legal to anyone who is suffering because of an incurable medical condition or if they are terminally ill, as long as the patient gives consent and has a true understanding of what the procedure is. By making this choice legal, this would provide a better solution to people with terminal illnesses. The importance that people have the choice to go through with assisted death with reason is very significant because it could be a life-changing decision that affects more than just the patient. Having this ability to choose to end one’s own suffering can relieve their own stress along with the stress of their family. Work Cited Angell, Marcia. May Doctors Help You to Die?† Senior Lecturer in Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, New York Review of Books, Oct. 11, 2012 â€Å"Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide.† NHS Choices, National Health Services, 29 June 2017. Irwin, Michael. â€Å"Euthanasia: The Right to Die Should Be a Matter of Personal Choice.† Mirror, Irish Mirror, 19 Aug. 2013. Nordqvist, Christian. â€Å"Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: What Are They and What Do They Mean?† Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 17 Dec. 2018, medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182951.php.

14 Quotes for a Funny Wedding Toast

14 Quotes for a Funny Wedding Toast If youve been asked to give a wedding toast, chances are youre taking your  role seriously. Perhaps too seriously! Often, the best wedding toasts start with a joke, even if they wind up with a sincere wish for the couples future happiness. Why Give a Funny Wedding Toast? Weddings  bring up complicated emotions. For the bride and groom, theres joy along with (in many cases) tremendous anxiety. Sometimes the anxiety is related to the very idea of a permanent commitment; other times its related to aspects of the wedding itself. Will the caterer show up? Will my divorced parents  get into a fight? Will Aunt Jane get drunk and fall into the wedding cake? Similarly, complex emotions come up for parents who are both thrilled and saddened as their child steps into a new role and a new stage of life. Siblings may be delighted, jealous, or even angry about some aspect of the wedding. Best friends may feel left behind. Humor is almost always the best way to break the ice, lower anxiety, and just have fun at a wedding. If youve been asked to give a  wedding toast, chances are you have a close relationship with either the bride, the groom, or both. That means you know which kinds of humor are likely to get a big laugh, and which wont. Funny Wedding Quotes to Choose From Not all of these famous quotes will be right for you, but youll almost certainly find one or two that connect with your particular wedding party! Henny YoungmanThe secret of a happy marriage remains a secret. John MiltonBiochemically, love is just like eating large amounts of chocolate. Henry KissingerNobody will ever win the battle of the sexes. There€s too much fraternizing with the enemy. Cathy CarlyleLove is an electric blanket with somebody else in control of the switch.​ SocratesBy all means, marry; if you get a good wife, youll be happy. If you get a bad one, youll become a philosopher. Rita RudnerI love being married. Its so great to find that one special person you want to annoy for the rest of your life. Mickey RooneyAlways get married early in the morning. That way, if it doesnt work out, you havent wasted a whole day. Henny YoungmanI take my wife everywhere I go. She always finds her way back. Ralph Waldo EmersonA mans wife has more power over him than the state has. Honore de BalzacThe majority of husbands remind me of an orangutan trying to play the violin. Anne Bancroft The best way to get most husbands to do something is to suggest that perhaps theyre too old to do it. Erma Bombeck Marriage has no guarantees. If thats what youre looking for, go live with a car battery! Anonymous A good marriage is one where each partner secretly suspects they got the better deal. Winston  Churchill My most brilliant achievement was my ability to persuade my wife to marry me.

Trade Protectionism And Worldwide Economic Contraction Case Study

Trade Protectionism And Worldwide Economic Contraction - Case Study Example Economic protectionist laws are struck down on the basis that the state has not used a more equitable means of achieving its goal. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate economic protectionism, explain the rationale for governments implementing protectionist policies and evaluate whether these policies were successful or otherwise. For example, when the purpose of a law is to shield Alaska’s infant timber processing industry from the effects of interstate and foreign competition, it is deemed as invalid. Similarly, a state’s labeling law in the apple growing industry would be considered to be economic protectionist if it were meant to prevent apple growers in other states from selling their fruits in the former state. Thus, where economic protectionism is a law’s ultimate goal, the measure can be held to be unfounded. However, if the apple growing state argues that requiring the use of a specific grade is a reasonable method to protect cons umers against fraud and deception, the court would most likely accept this argument (May & Ides 350). On the other hand, economic protectionism is also considered to be damaging if it is merely a means, a stepping-stone, or an intermediate goal towards the attainment of a legitimate end. For example, â€Å"a genuine quarantine law that bans the importation of diseased crops or animals is not economic protectionism if it was adopted for health reasons† (May & Ides 352) even though it has the incidental effect of shielding local sellers from competition from other states. Although quarantine laws are not invalid in themselves, they may be invalidated if they fail to meet one of the other requirements of the dominant Commerce Clause analysis. The Argument Against Economic Protectionism Support for continued trade liberalization may be declining, as the results from recent polls and political rhetoric suggest.

Enterprenureship and venture creation Coursework

Enterprenureship and venture creation - Coursework Example This is essential because of the utilization of local skills to enhance development strategies within the society (Macko and Tadeusz, 2009 P.469). Andy Harsley was a risk taker because he initiated a business by investing in the reusable polythene band used for tying up bin bags, cables or saplings. He also possesses the characteristic of being an opportunist for the identification of the market gap in the polyurethane industry. As a result, in the opportunity phases, Harsley was capable to discover than polyethylene straps were lacking in the market for tying up items. During the start-up of his venture, Harsley possess the trait of being optimistic for he knew that the business could strive for greater heights. Q3. How did her identified skills/characteristics if any help Karen Lowthrop succeed and pursue her idea/vision? If you do not feel any entrepreneurial talent was exhibited, please make your argument accordingly Karen Lowthrop’s success to pursue her vision depended on her passion to conserve the environment. This skill was instrumental because it assisted her to be a social entrepreneur whose intention was geared towards helping the entire society. This is an entrepreneurial skill because it facilitated the creation of employment to others and sustained societal development. Entrepreneurial styles are numerous because people invest in different areas that require independent abilities and skills. This implies that the nature of the business shall determine the entrepreneurial style to adopt. An intrapreneur is a person who manages and utilizes resources within a large firm by not incurring risks related with those activities. They use the resources provided by an organization to generate creativity and enhance sustenance of the firm. In this regard, intrepreneurs are people who employ the resources of an organization to come up with entrepreneurial activities (Macko and Tadeusz, 2009 P.

Environmental Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Environmental Studies - Essay Example We shall look at the influences that science has made in the energy sector, climate change and agriculture among others. In the scientific world, agriculture is a more recent human activity that humans experimented. Human beings were originally hunters and gatherers who survived by killing wild animals in the jungle. Then agriculture was accidentally discovered through man’s scientific exploration. Man began cultivating land in order to get food. Studies have shown that hunters and gatherers were more healthy, well nourished than the latter farmers. In fact, agriculture did not improve the lives of humans and the skeletal evidence revealed that hunters and gatherers were healthier than the farmers were. Agriculture needed vast amounts of land for cultivation, and this led to the destruction of forests and animal’s natural habitat. The energy threshold of plants then decreased as most natural vegetation was destroyed and cleared to make way for cultivation. This interfer ed with the natural energy cycle since animals get energy from plants, which in turn obtain the necessary energy from the sun for photosynthesis. Most of the percentage of the world’s energy relies on plants. If plants are destroyed, the energy needed by most organisms is decreased, and this can have devastating effects. This causes animals to face extinction as the energy cycle is affected by man’s activity, which in this case is agriculture, a scientific invention. Therefore, there is evidence that as much as science has helped the environment, it also hurts the same environment by altering nature’s normal activities (Rees, web). The clearing of natural vegetation gives way to soil erosion. In today’s world, oil is the only form of energy that humans have resulted to use. It is interestingly hilarious that man secures oil more than food. This is because energy is vital for most activities and oil is the usual form of energy used to meet the demands of m an. Research in America has shown that for every 2.3 calories of food energy produced there is a calorie of fossil energy used (Manning, web). This is devastating to the human life because as more oil is used to produce food energy that is required by a growing population, levels of pollution in the environment continue to increase. All this is attributed to science inventions among other factors such as population growth and industrialization. The more industrialized we get, the more scientific inventions are discovered which continue to damage the environment in an attempt to meet the needs of man. In the 20th century, engine fueled cars dominated the roads which made transportation and communication easy. However, these advancements usually have a negative impact on the environment. For example, the greenhouse effect is caused by emission of gases into the atmosphere, which comes from combustion of fossil fuels and oil. Scientific advancements in chemistry have also had a profoun d effect on man (Griffith, web). For example, in the cultivation of wheat in leading countries, fertilizers containing nitrogenous compounds are used to speed up the growth and maturity of wheat. However, studies show that these chemical compounds have adverse effects on human health. A research carried out showed that a child born in rural places producing wheat based on nitrogenous chemicals has high chances of suffering birth related defects compared to a child born where wheat is not